Abstract
Unique challenges exist when managing older adults with cancer. Associations between
cancer and age-related physiologic changes have a direct impact on pharmacokinetics
and pharmacodynamics of cancer therapies and can affect drug dosing, dose intensity,
efficacy, safety and quality of life. The breadth and depth of these issues, however,
have not been fully evaluated because the majority of clinical trials have focused
on a younger and healthier population. As a consequence, little information is available
to support clinicians in making evidence-based decisions regarding treatment with
cancer therapies in older adults, especially those over age 75. Prior clinical pharmacology
reviews summarized the literature on how age-related physiologic changes can influence
and affect conventional and targeted anti-cancer treatments. Our article provides
an updated review with expanded information that includes small molecule kinase inhibitors,
monoclonal antibodies, immunotherapies, hormonal, conventional, and miscellaneous
agents. Additionally, our article integrates how functional age, determined by the
geriatric assessment (GA), can also influence treatment-related effects and health
outcomes. Broadening cancer therapy trials to capture not only chronologic age but
also functional age would allow clinicians to better identify subsets of older adults
who benefit from treatment versus those most vulnerable to morbidity and/or mortality.
Keywords
To read this article in full you will need to make a payment
Purchase one-time access:
Academic & Personal: 24 hour online accessCorporate R&D Professionals: 24 hour online accessOne-time access price info
- For academic or personal research use, select 'Academic and Personal'
- For corporate R&D use, select 'Corporate R&D Professionals'
Subscribe:
Subscribe to Journal of Geriatric OncologyAlready a print subscriber? Claim online access
Already an online subscriber? Sign in
Register: Create an account
Institutional Access: Sign in to ScienceDirect
References
- Cancer statistics, 2016.CA Cancer J Clin. 2016; 66: 7-30
- Under-representation of older adults in cancer registration trials: known problem, little progress.J Clin Oncol. 2012; 30: 2036-2038
- Inclusion of elderly patients in oncology clinical trials.Ann Oncol. 2016; 27: 1799-1804
- Enrollment of elderly patients in clinical trials for cancer drug registration: a 7-year experience by the US Food and Drug Administration.J Clin Oncol. 2004; 22: 4626-4631
- Levit L.A. Balogh E. Nass S.J. Ganz P. Delivering high-quality cancer care: Charting a new course for a system in crisis. National Academies Press, Washington, DC2013 Dec.
- Improving the evidence base for treating older adults with cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology statement.J Clin Oncol. 2015; 33: 3826-3833
Network National Comprehensive Cancer. NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology: Older Adult Oncology [Accessed September 1, 2017].
- International Society of Geriatric Oncology consensus on geriatric assessment in older patients with cancer.J Clin Oncol. 2014; 32: 2595-2603
- Impacts of geriatric evaluation and management programs on defined outcomes: overview of the evidence.J Am Geriatr Soc. 1991; 39 ([discussion 7S-8S]): 8S-16S
- Clinical pharmacology of cancer therapies in older adults.Br J Cancer. 2008; 98: 517
- Targeted anti-cancer therapy in the elderly.Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2011; 78: 227-242
- The clinical implications of ageing for rational drug therapy.Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2008; 64: 183-199
- Prescribing for older patients with cancer.Clin Adv Hematol Oncol. 2014; 12: 309-318
- Drug metabolism and ageing.Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2004; 57: 540-544
- Liver function and phase I drug metabolism in the elderly: a paradox.Drugs Aging. 2001; 18: 837-851
- A phase I and pharmacokinetic study of irinotecan in patients with hepatic or renal dysfunction or with prior pelvic radiation: CALGB 9863.Ann Oncol. 2003; 14: 1783-1790
- Guidance for industry: Pharmacokinetics in patients with impaired hepatic function: Study design, data analysis, and impact on dosing and labeling.https://www.fda.gov/downloads/Drugs/GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation/Guidances/UCM072123.pdfDate accessed: April 9, 2018
- Potential drug interactions and chemotoxicity in older patients with cancer receiving chemotherapy.J Geriatr Oncol. 2014; 5: 307-314
- Potential drug interactions and duplicate prescriptions among cancer patients.J Natl Cancer Inst. 2007; 99: 592-600
- The prevalence of major drug-drug interactions in older adults with cancer and the role of clinical decision support software.J Geriatr Oncol. 2018 Mar 3; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jgo.2018.02.001
- Drug interactions in cancer therapy.Nat Rev Cancer. 2006; 6: 546
- Drug interactions in oncology: how common are they?.Ann Oncol. 2009; 20: 1907-1912
- Oral chemotherapy food and drug interactions: a comprehensive review of the literature.J Oncol Pract. 2014; 10: e255-e268
- High prevalence of potential drug-drug interactions in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer treated with abiraterone acetate.Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2016; 72: 1391-1399
- International Society of Geriatric Oncology (SIOG) recommendations for the adjustment of dosing in elderly cancer patients with renal insufficiency.Eur J Cancer. 2007; 43: 1
- Toxicity of older and younger patients treated with adjuvant chemotherapy for node-positive breast cancer: the Cancer and Leukemia Group B Experience.J Clin Oncol. 2007; 25: 3699-3704
- Overcoming barriers of age to enhance efficacy of cancer immunotherapy: the clout of the extracellular matrix.Front Cell Dev Biol. 2018; 6: 19
- Alecensa (alectinib) [prescribing information]. Genentech USA, Inc., South San Francisco, CANovember 2016
- Alectinib versus crizotinib in patients with ALK-positive non-small-cell lung cancer (J-ALEX): an open-label, randomised phase 3 trial.Lancet. 2017; 390: 29-39
- Alectinib versus crizotinib in untreated ALK-positive non–small-cell lung cancer.N Engl J Med. 2017; 377: 829-838
- Alunbrig (brigatinib) [prescribing information]. Ariad Pharmaceuticals Inc, Cambridge, MAApril 2017
- Brigatinib in patients with crizotinib-refractory anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive non-small-cell lung cancer: a randomized, multicenter phase II trial.J Clin Oncol. 2017; 35: 2490-2498
- Zykadia (ceritinib) [prescribing information]. Novartis, East Hanover, NJJuly 2017
- Xalkori (crizotinib) [prescribing information]. Pfizer Labs, New York, NYJuly 2017
- Crizotinib safety profile in elderly and non-elderly patients with advanced ALK+ non-small cell lung cancer.in: Proc IASCL: abstr P1. 2013: 11-017
- Bosulif (bosutinib) [prescribing information]. Pfizer Labs, New York, NYApril 2017
- Bosutinib versus imatinib in newly diagnosed chronic-phase chronic myeloid leukemia: results from the BELA trial.J Clin Oncol. 2012; 30: 3486-3492
- Sprycel (dasatinib) [prescribing information]. Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJAugust 2017
- Dasatinib is safe and effective in unselected chronic myeloid leukaemia elderly patients resistant/intolerant to imatinib.Leuk Res. 2011 Sep; 35: 1164-1169
- Gleevec (imatinib) [prescribing information]. Novartis Pharmaceuticals; received, East Hanover, NJApril 2017
- Imatinib in very elderly patients with chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase: a retrospective study.Drugs Aging. 2013 Aug; 30: 629-637
- Imatinib and polypharmacy in very old patients with chronic myeloid leukemia: effects on response rate, toxicity and outcome.Oncotarget. 2016; 7: 80083-80090
- Tasigna (nilotinib) [prescribing information]. Novartis, East Hanover, NJFebruary 2017
- Nilotinib in elderly chronic myeloid leukemia patients in chronic phase (CML-CP) with imatinib resistance or intolerance: efficacy and safety analysis.Blood. 2008; 112: 3233
- Impact of age on efficacy and toxicity of nilotinib in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase: ENEST1st subanalysis.J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2017 Mar 31; ([Epub ahead of print])https://doi.org/10.1007/s00432-017-2402-x
- Iclusig (ponatinib hydrochloride) [prescribing information]. ARIAD Pharmaceuticals Inc, Cambridge, MANovember 2016
- PACE, a phase 2 trial of ponatinib in Philadelphia chromosome-positive leukemias.N Engl J Med. 2013; 369: 1783-1796
- Tafinlar (dabrafenib) [prescribing information]. GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NCJune 2017
- Population pharmacokinetics of dabrafenib, a BRAF inhibitor: effect of dose, time, covariates, and relationship with its metabolites.J Clin Pharmacol. 2014; 54: 696-706
- Zelboraf (vemurafenib) [prescribing information]. Genentech USA Inc, South San Francisco, CAApril 2017
- Clin pharmaco kinet.Clin Pharmacokinet Vemurafenib. 2017; : 1-17
- Vemurafenib in patients with BRAF(V600) mutated metastatic melanoma: an open-label, multicentre, safety study.Lancet Oncol. 2014; 15 ([436e44])
- Gilotrif (afatinib) [prescribing information]. Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc, Ridgefield, CTOctober 2016
- Phase III study of afatinib or cisplatin plus pemetrexed in patients with metastatic lung adenocarcinoma with EGFR mutations.J Clin Oncol. 2013; 31: 3327-3334
- Afatinib versus cisplatin plus gemcitabine for first-line treatment of Asian patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer harbouring EGFR mutations (LUX-Lung 6): an open-label, randomised phase 3 trial.Lancet Oncol. 2014; 15: 213-222
- Tarceva (erlotinib) [prescribing information]. Genetech USA Inc, South San Francisco, CAOctober 2016
- Erlotinib for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer in the elderly: an analysis of the National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group Study BR.21.J Clin Oncol. 2008 May 10; 26: 2350-2357
- Phase II trial of Erlotinib in elderly patients with previously treated non-small cell lung Cancer: results of the lung oncology Group in Kyushu (LOGiK-0802).Anticancer Res. 2016; 36: 2881-2887
- Tykerb (lapatinib) [prescribing information]. Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJApril 2017
- Pooled analysis of diarrhea events in patients with cancer treated with lapatinib.Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2008; 112: 317-325
- Cardiac safety of lapatinib: pooled analysis of 3689 patients enrolled in clinical trials.Mayo Clin Proc. 2008; 83: 679-686
- Caprelsa (vandetanib) [prescribing information]. AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, Wilmington, DEDecember 2016
- Phase II randomized study of vandetanib plus gemcitabine or gemcitabine plus placebo as first-line treatment of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer in elderly patients.J Thorac Oncol. 2014; 9: 733-737
- Cotellic (cobimetinib) [prescribing information]. Genentech USA, Inc, South San Francisco, CAMay 2016
- Mekinist (trametinib) [prescribing information]. Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJJune 2017
- Inlyta (axitinib) [prescribing information]. Pfizer Inc, New York, NYAugust 2014
- Efficacy and safety of axitinib in elderly patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma.Med Oncol. 2016; 33: 95
- Cabometyx (cabozantinib) [prescribing information]. Exelixis, Inc, South San Francisco, CAApril 2016
- Votrient (pazopanib) [prescribing information]. Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJMay 2017
- Stivarga (regorafenib) [prescribing information]. Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals Inc, Whippany, NJApril 2017
- Nexavar (sorafenib) [prescribing information]. Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals, Wayne, NJNovember 2013
- Sorafenib for older patients with renal cell carcinoma: a subset analysis from a randomized trial.J Natl Cancer Inst. 2008; 100: 1454-1463
- Sutent (sunitinib) [prescribing information]. Pfizer Labs, New York, NYApril 2015
- Efficacy and safety of sunitinib in elderly patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma.Br J Cancer. 2014; 110: 1125-1132
- Kadcyla (ado-trastuzumab) [prescribing information]. Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CAJuly 2016
- Avastin (bevacizumab) [prescribing information]. Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CADecember 2016
- Blincyto (blinatumomab) [prescribing information]. Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, CAJuly 2017
- Adcetris (brentuximab vedotin) [prescribing information]. Seattle Genetics, Bothell, WASeptember 2016
- Erbitux (cetuximab) [prescribing information]. Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, INOctober 2016
- Darzalex (daratumumab) [prescribing information]. Janssen Biotech, Inc, Horsham, PAJune 2017
- Portrazza (necitumumab) [prescribing information]. Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, INNovember 2015
- Vectibix (panitumumab) [prescribing information]. Amgen, Thousand Oaks, CAJune 2017
- Perjeta (pertuzumab) [prescribing information]. Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CAMay 2017
- Arzerra (ofatumumab) [prescribing information]. Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJAugust 2016
- Cyramza (ramucirumab) [prescribing information]. Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, INFebruary 2017
Rituxan (rituximab) [prescribing information]. South San Francisco, CA: Genentech Inc; March 2016.
- Long-term remissions after FCR chemoimmunotherapy in previously untreated patients with CLL: Updated results of the CLL8 trial.Blood. 2016; 127: 208-215
- Herceptin (trastuzumab) [prescribing information]. Genetech Inc, San Francisco, CAApril 2017
- Targeted agents for HER2-positive breast cancer: optimal use in older adults.Drugs Aging. 2015; 12: 975-982
- Treating with checkpoint inhibitors—figure $1 million per patient.Am Health Drug Benefits. 2015 Aug; 8: 9
- Tecentriq (atezolizumab) [prescribing information]. Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CAApril 2017
- Bavencio (avelumab) [prescribing information]. EMD Serono Inc, Rockland, MAMay 2017
- Imfinzi (durvalumab) [prescribing information]. AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP, Wilmington, DEApril 2017
- Yervoy (ipilimumab) [prescribing information]. Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJJuly 2017
- Opdivo (nivolumab) [prescribing information]. Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJSeptember 2017
- Keytruda (pembrolizumab) [prescribing information]. Merck, Whitehouse Station, NJJuly 2017
- Arimidex (anastrozole) [prescribing information]. AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP, Wilmington, DEMay 2014
- The risk of myocardial infarction with aromatase inhibitors relative to tamoxifen in post-menopausal women with early stage breast cancer.Eur J Cancer. 2016; 68: 11-21
- Tamoxifen citrate [prescribing information]. Watson Laboratories, Corona, CAJuly 2011
- Zytiga (abiraterone) [prescribing information]. Janssen Biotech Inc, Horsham, PAApril 2017
- Efficacy and safety of abiraterone acetate in elderly (75 years or older) chemotherapy naïve patients with metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer.J Urol. 2015; 194: 1277-1284
- Casodex (bicalutamide) [prescribing information]. AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP, Wilmington, DEMarch 2017
- Influence of androgen suppression therapy for prostate cancer on the frequency and timing of fatal myocardial infarctions.J Clin Oncol. 2007; 25: 2420-2425
- Xtandi (enzalutamide) [prescribing information]. Astellas Pharma US, Northbrook, ILJuly 2017
- Firmagon (degarelix) [prescribing information]. Ferring Pharmaceuticals Inc, Parsippany, NJJuly 2016
- Trisenox (arsenic trioxide) [prescribing information]. Cephalon, Inc, Frazer, PAFebruary 2015
- Long-term efficacy and safety of arsenic trioxide for first-line treatment of elderly patients with newly diagnosed acute promyelocytic leukemia.Cancer. 2013; 119: 115-125
- Velcade (bortezomib) [prescribing information]. Millennium Pharmaceuticals Inc, Cambridge, MAJune 2017
- Safety and efficacy of bortezomib in high-risk and elderly patients with relapsed multiple myeloma.Br J Hae Matol. 2007; 137: 429-435
- Kyprolis (carfilzomib) [prescribing information]. Onyx Pharmaceuticals Inc, Thousand Oaks, CAMay 2017
- Zortress (everolimus) [prescribing information]. Novartis Pharmaceutical Co, East Hanover, NJOctober 2016
- Safety and efficacy of everolimus with exemestane vs. exemestane alone in elderly patients with HER2-negative, hormone receptor-positive breast cancer in BOLERO-2.Clin Breast Cancer. 2013; 13: 421-432
- Ninlaro (ixazomib) [prescribing information]. Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Cambridge, MANovember 2016
- Revlimid (lenalidomide) [prescribing information]. Celgene Corporation, Summit, NJFebruary 2017
Lynparza (olaparib tablets) [prescribing information]. Wilmington, DE: AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals; August 2017.
- Ibrance (palbociclib) [prescribing information]. Pfizer Labs, New York, NYMarch 2017
- Pomalyst (pomalidomide) [prescribing information]. Celgene Corporation, Summit, NJJune 2016
- Rubraca (rucaparib) [prescribing information]. Clovis Oncology, Boulder, COFebruary 2017
- Torisel (temsirolimus) [prescribing information]. Pfizer Inc, Philadelphia, PAJuly 2017
- Safety profile of temsirolimus in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma.J BUON. 2016; 21: 1442-1448
- Erivedge (vismodegib) [prescribing information]. Genentech USA, South San Francisco, CAAugust 2017
- Safety and efficacy of vismodegib in patients aged ≥ 65 years with advanced basal cell carcinoma.Oncotarget. 2016; 7: 76118-76124
- Treanda (bendamustine) [prescribing information]. Teva Pharmaceuticals USA Inc, North Wales, PAOctober 2016
- Bendamustine in combination with rituximab for elderly patients with previously untreated B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a retrospective analysis of real-life practice in Italian hematology departments.Leuk Res. 2015; 39: 1068-1070
- Busulfex (busulfan) [prescribing information]. DSM Pharmaceuticals, Greenville, NCJanuary 2015
- Paraplatin (carboplatin) [prescribing information]. Bristol-Myers Squibb Co, Princeton, NJJuly 2010
- Comparison of outcomes for elderly patients treated with weekly paclitaxel in combination with carboplatin versus the standard 3- weekly paclitaxel and carboplatin for advanced non-small cell lung cancer.Cancer. 2008; 113: 542-546
- Cisplatin [prescribing information]. Accord, Durham, NCOctober 2015
- Use of cisplatin for elderly patients.Age Aging. 1992; 21: 202-204
- Lack of age-dependent cisplatin nephrotoxicity.Am J Med. 1984; 76: 579-584
- Renal tolerance to cisplatin in patients 70 years and older.Am J Clin Oncol. 2001; 24: 192-197
- Drug prescribing in renal failure: Dosing guidelines for adults and children.5th ed. vol. 100. American College of Physicians, Philadelphia, PA2007: 172
- Cyclophosphamide Injection [prescribing information]. Baxter, Deerfield, ILJune 2015
- Hepatotoxicity of chemotherapy.Semin Oncol. 2006; 33: 50-67
- Pharmacology of anticancer drugs in the elderly population.Clin Pharmacokinet. 2003; 42: 1213-1242
- Ifex (ifosfamide) [prescribing information]. Baxter Healthcare Corporation, Deerfield, ILAugust 2014
- Ifosfamide in the elderly: clinical considerations for a better drug management.Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2000; 33: 129-135
- Eloxatin (oxaliplatin) [prescribing information]. Sanofi-Aventis, Bridgewater, NJOctober 2015
- Oxaliplatin-induced chronic peripheral neurotoxicity: a prospective analysis in patients with colorectal cancer.Cancer Res Treat. 2010; 42: 185-190
- Pooled analysis of safety and efficacy of oxaliplatin plus fluorouracil/leucovorin administered bimonthly in elderly patients with colorectal cancer.J Clin Oncol. 2006; 24: 4085-4091
- Xeloda (capecitabine) [prescribing information]. Genentech USA, Inc, South San Francisco, CADecember 2016
- Capecitabine use in geriatric oncology: an analysis of current safety, efficacy, and quality of life data.Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2006; 58: 68-78
- Capecitabine as first-line treatment for patients older than 70 years with metastatic colorectal cancer: an oncopaz cooperative group study.J Clin Oncol. 2005; 23: 3104-3111
- Safety and efficacy of two different doses of capecitabine in the treatment of advanced breast cancer in older women.J Clin Oncol. 2005; 23: 2155-2161
- Cytarabine (prescribing information). Mylan Institutional, Rockford, ILDecember 2013
- AraU accumulation in patients with renal insufficiency as a potential mechanism for cytarabine neurotoxicity.Int J Hematol. 2008; 88: 381-386
- Adrucil (fluorouracil injection) [prescribing information]. Teva Pharmaceuticals Inc, North Wales, PANovember 2016
- Feasibility of Modified FOLFOX in Elderly Patients Aged ≥ 80 Years with Metastatic Gastric Cancer or Colorectal Cancer.Oncology. 2017; 93: 115-121
- Efficacy of 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy in elderly patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: a pooled analysis of clinical trials.Ann Oncol. 2004 Sep 1; 15: 1330-1338
- Methotrexate injection (prescribing information). Hospira Inc, Lake Forest, ILNovember 2014
- High-dose methotrexate for elderly patients with primary CNS lymphoma.Neuro Oncol. 2009; 11: 211-215
- Alimta (pemetrexed) [prescribing information]. Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, INFebruary 2015
- Meta-analysis examining impact of age on overall survival with pemetrexed for the treatment of advanced non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer.Lung Cancer. 2017; 104: 45-51
- Pemetrexed monotherapy for chemo-naïve elderly (aged≥ 80) patients with non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer: results from combined analysis of two single arm phase II studies (HANSHIN002 and 003).Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2017; 79: 689-695
- Folotyn (pralatrexate) [prescribing information]. Allos Therapeutics Inc, Westminster, CONovember 2016
- Jevtana (cabazitaxel) [prescribing information]. sanofi-aventis U.S. LLC, Bridgewater, NJSeptember 2017
- Halaven (eribulin) [prescribing information]. Eisai, Woodcliff Lake, NJJanuary 2016
- Eribulin monotherapy in patients aged 70 years and older with metastatic breast Cancer.Oncologist. 2014; 19: 318-327
- Ixempra (ixabepilone) [prescribing information]. Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJOctober 2011
- Efficay and safety of ixabepilone plus capecitabine in eldery patients with anthracycline and taxane pretreated metastatic breast cancer.J Geriatric Oncol. 2013; 4: 352-436
- Abraxane (paclitaxel protein bound) [prescribing information]. Celgene Corporation, Summit, NJJuly 2015
- A retrospective analysis of safety and efficacy of weekly nab-paclitaxel as second-line chemotherapy in elderly patients with advanced squamous non-small cell lung carcinoma.Clin Interv Aging. 2016; 11: 167-173
- Bleomycin [prescribing information]. Teva Pharmaceuticals, North Wales, PAFebruary 2016
- Outcome of patients older than 60 years with classical Hodgkin lymphoma treated with front line ABVD chemotherapy: frequent pulmonary events suggest limiting the use of bleomycin in the elderly.Br J Haematol. 2015 Jul 1; 170: 179-184
- Daunorubicin (prescribing information). Bedford Laboratories, Bedford, OHJune 2013
- High-dose daunorubicin in older patients with acute myeloid leukemia.N Engl J Med. 2009 Sep 24; 361: 1235-1248
- Anthracycline cardiotoxicity in the elderly cancer patient: a SIOG expert position paper.Ann Oncol. 2010; 22: 257-267
- Adriamycin (doxorubicin) [prescribing information]. Bedford Laboratories, Bedford, OHApril 2012
Ibrahim NK, Frye DK, Buzdar AU, Walters RS, Hortobagyi GN. Doxorubicin-based chemotherapy in elderly patients with metastatic breast cancer: tolerance and outcome. Arch Intern Med 1996 Apr 22;156(8):882–8.
- Camptosar (irinotecan) [prescribing information]. Pharmacia & Upjohn, New York, NYApril 2016
- Irinotecan/fluorouracil combination in first-line therapy of older and younger patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: combined analysis of 2,691 patients in randomized controlled trials.J Clin Oncol. 2008; 26: 1443-1451
- Concomitant polypharmacy is associated with irinotecan-related adverse drug reactions in patients with cancer.Int J Clin Oncol. 2013; 18: 735-742
- Vincristine sulfate [prescribing information]. Hospira Inc, Lake Forest, ILMarch 2013
- CHOP is the standard regimen in patients ≥ 70 years of age with intermediate-grade and high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: results of a randomized study of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer lymphoma cooperative study group.J Clin Oncol. 1998; 16: 27-34
- A pooled analysis of adjuvant chemotherapy for resected colon cancer in elderly patients.N Engl J Med. 2001; 345: 1091-1097
- Adjuvant chemotherapy for colorectal cancer: age differences in factors influencing patients' treatment decisions.Pat Prefer Adher. 2013; 7: 827-834
- Patient age and comorbidity are major determinants of adjuvant chemotherapy use for stage III colon cancer in routine clinical practice.J Clin Oncol. 2008; 26: 4516-4517
- Physicians' judgement and comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) select different patients as fit for chemotherapy.Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2007; 64: 1-9
- Cumulative illness rating scale.J Am Geriatr Soc. 1968; 16: 622-626
- Predicting chemotherapy toxicity in older adults with cancer: a prospective multicenter study.J Clin Oncol. 2011; 29: 3457-3465
- Updated beers criteria for potentially inappropriate medication use in older adults.J Am Geriatr Soc. 2015; 63: 2227-2246
- STOPP/START criteria for potentially inappropriate prescribing in older people: version 2.Age Ageing. 2015; 44: 213-218
- Evaluation of a pharmacist-led medication assessment used to identify prevalence of and associations with polypharmacy and potentially inappropriate medication use among ambulatory senior adults with cancer.J Clin Oncol. 2015; 33: 1453-1459
- Patient characteristics associated with polypharmacy and inappropriate prescribing of medications among older adults with cancer.J Geriatr Oncol. 2012; 3: 228-2373
- Polypharmacy cut-points in older people with cancer: how many medications are too many?.Support Care Cancer. 2016; 24: 1831-1840
- Polypharmacy and potentially inappropriate medication use in older adults with cancer undergoing chemotherapy: effect on chemotherapy-related toxicity and hospitalization during treatment.J Am Geriatr Soc. 2014; 62: 1505-1512
- Polypharmacy: misleading, but manageable.Clin Interv Aging. 2008; 3: 383-389
- Comparison of prescribing criteria to evaluate the appropriateness of drug treatment in individuals aged 65 and older: a systematic review.J Am Geriatr Soc. 2011; 59: 1521-1530
- Use of complementary medications among older adults with cancer.Cancer. 2012; 118: 4815-4823
- Complementary therapy use among older cancer patients.Cancer Pract. 1999; 7: 136-144
- A pharmacist-led medication assessment used to determine a more precise estimation of the prevalence of complementary and alternative medication (CAM) use among ambulatory senior adults with cancer.J Geriatric Oncol. 2015; 6: 411-417
- The impact of polypharmacy on patient outcomes in older adults with cancer.Cancer J. 2017; 23: 211-218
- Potential drug interactions in elderly cancer patients.Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2011; 78: 220-226
- Determinants and associated factors influencing medication adherence and persistence to oral anticancer drugs: a systematic review.Cancer Treat Rev. 2013; 39: 610-621
- Concurrent and predictive validity of a self-reported measure of medication adherence.Med Care. 1986; 24: 67-74
- Assessing medication adherence in the elderly.Drugs Aging. 2005; 22: 231-255
- Validation of a prediction tool for chemotherapy toxicity in older adults with cancer.J Clin Oncol. 2016; 34: 2366-2371
- Predicting the risk of chemotherapy toxicity in older patients: the chemotherapy risk assessment scale for high-age patients (CRASH) score.Cancer. 2012; 118: 3377-3386
Article info
Publication history
Published online: July 15, 2018
Accepted:
June 19,
2018
Received in revised form:
May 11,
2018
Received:
October 3,
2017
Identification
Copyright
© 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
